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John Deere 312GR Troubleshooting
The
John Deere 312GR skid steer loader is powered by 128.1 cu.in (2.1L) Yanmar
4TNV86CT 4-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine with a rated power of 48 hp (35.8
kW) at 2600 rpm. The John Deere 312GR is equipped with a radial-lift loader
boom, 1-speed hydrostatic transmission, 80HD drive chains, and 10.00x16.5
standard tires. The hydraulic system has a pump with fluid flow rate of 17 gpm
(64.4 lpm). The hydraulic pressure is 3450 psi (238 bar). The skid steer loader
has a rated operating capacity of 1550 lbs (704 kg) and tipping load of 3100 lbs
(1410 kg). The lift height is 115 inches (2920 mm) to hinge pin, and dump height
is 88.5 inches (2250 mm).
| Engine Troubleshooting |
Engine difficult to start or doesn't start
Air in the fuel system - Air bleeding.
Fuel filter element is dirty - Clean or replace the filter.
Defective or clogged injection nozzle - Check injection nozzles and replace if required.
Water in the fuel system - Change fuel and repair fuel system.
Valve out of adjustment - Adjust to proper valve clearance.
Defective fuel injection pump - Repair or change injection pump.
Diesel starts but stalls suddenly
Dirty air filter - Replace or clean air filter element.
Fuel filter plugging - Clean the filter or install new filter element.
Problems with fuel injection pump tightness - Inspect fuel injection pump for leaks.
Dirty or defective injectors - Replace or clean fuel injectors.
Faulty fuel injection pump - Repair or change injection pump.
Diesel shuts off while driving
Engine not warmed up - Warm up engine as required.
Clogged fuel filter - Service or replace the filter.
Air in fuel tank - Bleed fuel tank.
Clogged or burnt injection nozzle - Test injection nozzles and change if necessary.
Incorrect adjustment of fuel injection pump timing - Adjust the pump as required.
Engine stalls when idling
Incorrectly adjusted low idle speed - Adjust as required.
Fuel injection pump is not operating properly - Rebuild or install a new injection pump.
Fuel injector fault - Test and replace fuel injectors if necessary.
The valve clearance is incorrect - Need to adjust valve clearance.
Low engine power
Air filter is dirty - Clean or change.
Fuel injection nozzles fault - Install a new kit of correctly balanced nozzles.
Improper fuel injection pressure - Correct the pressure settings.
Improper valve clearance - Correct valve clearance.
Incorrect low idle setting - Adjustment required.
Dirt in the fuel hoses or lines - Clean fuel system lines and hoses.
Damaged cylinder-head gasket - Change cylinder head gasket.
Damaged or leaking piston rings - Piston rings need to be replaced.
Engine overheating
Low engine coolant - Fill the cooling system and check components for leaks or other faults.
Engine oil level is low - Checking oil level and add if necessary.
Defective radiator cap or clogged radiator core - Clean radiator or install new cap.
Fan belt is broken or worn - Replace as required.
Diesel engine overloaded - Reduce engine load.
Low oil pressure
Oil level is insufficient - Fill crankcase to proper oil level.
Dirty oil filter - Replace or clean engine oil filter element.
Incorrect engine oil Use oil of correct viscosity.
Excessive oil clearance of crankshaft bearing - Bearing needs to be changed.
Oil pump failure - Repair or change.
Abnormal engine noise or knocking
Engine oil level is low - Check oil level and add oil as required.
Engine has not warmed up to the recommended temperature - Warm up engine as required.
Fuel injection pump timing is not adjusted - Set it up as required.
Incorrect low idle setting - Adjust low idle speed.
Fuel injector fault - Test and replace fuel injectors if necessary.
Connecting rod failure or misalignment - Need to align or replace the connecting rod.
Piston wear or scoring - Install new pistons.
| Drive System Troubleshooting |
Drive system doesn't function in one direction or either direction
Hydraulic fluid level low - Fill up the hydraulic fluid.
Drive chain failure - Check drive chain and change defective parts.
Relief valve is damaged - Relief valve need to be replaced or repair.
Plugged suction line or hydraulic filter - Change hydraulic filter or service suction line.
Damaged or worn hand or foot controls - Inspect and repair if necessary.
Defective drive pump or motor - Check and repair if required.
Lack of power
Clogged hydraulic oil filter - Change or clean hydraulic filter.
Relief valve is defective or open - Replace or close relief valve.
Faulty or damaged transmission components - Inspect and change faulty parts.
Defective input drive shaft - Replace drive shaft.
Air in hydraulic system - Bleed air from hydraulic system.
Drive system keeps overheating
Insufficient hydraulic fluid - Fill up the hydraulic fluid.
Hydraulic fluid filter is plugged - Check, clean, or replace as required.
Relief valve is stuck - Repair or replace relief valve.
Worn hydraulic motor or drive pump - Inspect and change as required.
Clogged hydraulic oil cooler - Cooling fins should be cleaned.
Drive system overload - Load should be reduced.
Drive system is excessively noisy
Oil viscosity is too heavy - Use oil of proper viscosity.
Air in hydraulic system - Bleed air from system.
Hydraulic motor or drive pump is defective - Change or repair faulty component.
Mechanical components of drive system are damaged or worn - Check the parts for worn or defect and replace if required.
| Hydraulics Troubleshooting |
Hydraulic system overheating
Incorrect hydraulic pressure setting - Adjust it correctly.
Main relief valve malfunction or improper adjustment - Adjust or replace the relief valve.
Contaminated hydraulic oil - The oil must be changed.
Hydraulic oil level is insufficient - Check oil level and add hydraulic oil as required.
Hydraulic pump is worn - Repair or replace pump if necessary.
Lift arm does not lower or raise
Lift controls failure - Change or repair.
Hydraulic pump not working - Replace or repair pump if necessary.
Hydraulic control valve malfunction - Repair or change hydraulic valve.
Hydraulic cylinder is defective - Repair or change hydraulic cylinder.
Hydraulic fluid level low - Fill the system to proper hydraulic fluid level.
Bucket can't tilt
Bucket controls are faulty - Repair or change.
Hydraulic pump failure - Repair or change pump if required.
Hydraulic control valve is defective - Repair or change hydraulic valve.
Hydraulic bucket cylinder is broken - Repair or change cylinder.
Insufficient hydraulic fluid - Fill up the hydraulic fluid.
Slow bucket or lift arm operation
Hydraulic pump is faulty - Test pump flow rate and replace pump if required.
Hydraulic cylinder oil leakage - Cylinder seals need to be replaced.
Hydraulic oil level low - Fill the system to proper hydraulic oil level.
Hydraulic control valve is defective or set improper - Repair or adjust properly.
Hydraulic system loosing pressure - Adjust pressure as required.
Bucket or boom is moving jerkily
Air trapped in hydraulic system - Bleed hydraulic system.
Hydraulic oil filter element is dirty - Clean or replace the filter.
Hydraulic fluid is contaminated - Hydraulic fluid change required.
Cylinder rod or tube is scratched - Change damaged component.
Hydraulic pump is noisy
Lack of oil or hydraulic leakage - Top up hydraulic oil or remedy leakage in system.
Clogged hydraulic filter - Service or replace hydraulic filter.
Plugged suction line - Need to service the suction line.
Air trapped in hydraulic pump - Bleed air from hydraulics.
Faulty pump parts - Install new hydraulic pump or rebuild it.
| Electrical Troubleshooting |
Battery does not charge
Loose or corroded wire connections - Clean or tighten connections.
Defective electrical terminal connectors - Terminal connectors need to be changed.
Battery faulty cell - Battery replacement required.
Loose or worn belt - Belt needs to be adjusted or changed.
Starter motor cranks slow
Low battery capacity - Low battery charging, charge as required.
Battery drains quickly - Battery needs to be serviced or replaced.
Battery terminals are corroded or wires are disconnected - Check cable connections and replace or service terminals.
Starter will not crank
Battery is discharged or worn - Need to charge or replace the battery.
Battery cables are disconnected or incorrectly connected - Check cables and connect as needed.
Low battery output voltage - Recharge the battery.
Starter motor is defective - Repair or install a new starter.
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| SKID STEER LOADERS SPECIFICATIONS |