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Home / Wheel Loaders / Case Wheel Loaders / Case 321F

Case 321F Troubleshooting

The Case 321F compact wheel loader driveline system components: FPT F5H FL463 4-cylinder turbocharged liquid-cooled diesel engine with a rated power of 70 hp (52 kW), and hydrostatic transmission. The hydraulic system has a gear pump with a rated capacity of 22.5 gal/min (85 l/min). The system relief pressure is 3335 psi (230 bar). The Case 321F is equipped with a power steering system, hydraulic wet disc brakes, and 365/80R20 standard tires. The wheel loader has a maximum lift height of 133.7" (3395 mm) and breakout force of 10076 lbs (4570 kg). The rated operating capacity is 4095 lbs (1860 kg), and tipping load is 8190 lbs (3720 kg).

Engine Troubleshooting

Diesel hard to start or doesn't start
Air in the fuel system - Air bleeding.
Clogged fuel filter - Replace the filter element.
Fuel injection nozzles are faulty or clogged - Clean or change injection nozzles.
Dirt or water in fuel system - Drain water or flush dirt from the system.
The valve clearance is incorrect - Correct valve clearance.
Damaged fuel injection pump - Rebuild or replace pump.

Engine starts but stalls suddenly
Air cleaner is clogged - Service or replace air cleaner.
Fuel filter element is dirty - Replace the filter element.
Fuel injection pump is leaking - Repair any leaks.
Fuel injectors are faulty or clogged - Inspect fuel injectors and change as required.
Faulty fuel injection pump - Install a new fuel pump or repair.

Engine shuts off suddenly while running
Engine is not preheated - Warm up to required temperature.
Fuel filter is plugged - Replace the filter element.
Air trapped in fuel system - Bleed air.
Faulty or dirty injection nozzles - Clean or change injection nozzles.
Improper setting of fuel injection pump timing - Adjust fuel injection pump as required.

Engine stalls when idle
Incorrect low idle speed adjustment - Correct low idle adjustment.
Fuel injection pump is not operating properly - Change pump or rebuild it.
Damaged or clogged injectors - Change or clean fuel injectors.
The valve clearance is not adjusted - Check and adjust as required.

Diesel engine is losing power
Air filter is plugged - Install new air filter element.
Dirty or damaged injection nozzles - Change fuel injection nozzles.
Improper fuel injection pressure - Adjust pressure to proper level.
Excessive valve clearance - Adjust valve clearance according to specifications.
Incorrectly set low idle speed - Adjust the low idle speed.
Fuel hoses or lines are dirty - Service fuel lines and hoses.
Leaking cylinder head gasket - Replace cylinder head gasket.
Worn or broken piston rings - Change piston rings.

Engine is overheated
Low coolant level - Refill to the correct level and inspect system for leaks.
Engine oil insufficient - Need to add engine oil.
Clogged radiator core or damaged radiator cap - Clean radiator or install new cap.
Damaged or worn fan belt - Belt replacement is recommended.
Engine overload - Reduce engine load.

Oil pressure is insufficient
Insufficient engine oil - Check and refill the oil.
Clogged oil filter - Clean or change engine oil filter.
Incorrect oil viscosity - Drain and refill with oil of correct grade and viscosity.
Excessive crankshaft bearing oil clearance - Replace bearings.
Oil pump malfunction - Replace as required.

Abnormal engine knocking or noise
Engine oil insufficient - Add oil to the engine crankcase.
Engine is cold - Normalize the temperature by warming up the engine.
Improper setting of fuel injection pump timing - Set it up as required.
Low idle speed setting is incorrect - Correct low idle settings.
Fuel injectors are dirty or defective - Change or clean fuel injectors.
Connecting rod is worn or misaligned - Need to replace or align the connecting rod.
Pistons are scored or worn - Have pistons replaced.

Hydrostatic Transmission Troubleshooting

Hydrostatic transmission makes excessive noise
Fluid is contaminated or fluid level is insufficient - Add fluid to the correct level or fill the transmission with fresh fluid.
Speed control pedal linkage is bent or not adjusted - Adjust or repair linkage.
Relief valve is stuck - Install a new relief valve.
Excessive transmission load - Load needs to be reduced.
Worn or defective transmission components - Check hydrostatic transmission components for defect or damage and change if necessary.

Loss of power
Lack of transmission oil supply - Fill the transmission housing with oil.
Relief valve is damaged - Replace relief valve as required.
Speed control pedal linkage is bent or not adjusted - Repair or adjust linkage.

Transmission oil overheating
Insufficient transmission oil - Fill the transmission housing with oil.
Clogged transmission oil filter element - Service or replace the transmission oil filter.
Cooling components are defective or plugged - Check all cooling components and repair or change if required.
Excessive loading - Reduce the load is required.

Transmission fluid leaks
Worn seals or gaskets - Install new components.
Transmission case internal pressure is too high - Change defective components.
Clogged oil return pipe - Clean or change return pipe.

Hydraulics Troubleshooting

Hydraulic system overheats
Hydraulic pressure incorrectly adjusted - Hydraulic pressure must be set correctly.
Faulty or improperly adjusted main relief valve - Adjust relief valve or change if required.
Hydraulic oil is contaminated - The oil must be changed.
Not enough hydraulic oil in the system - Fill the hydraulic system with oil.
Hydraulic pump is defective - Change or repair hydraulic pump if required.

Lift arm can't drop or lift
Faulty lift controls - Check and repair as required.
Hydraulic pump is broken - Install new pump or repair it.
Hydraulic control valve is defective - Repair or change the valve.
Hydraulic cylinder is faulty - Repair or replace hydraulic cylinder.
Low hydraulic fluid level - Add fluid as required.

Bucket does not function
Bucket tilt controls are damaged - Repair or replace.
Defective hydraulic pump - Repair or replace pump if necessary.
Damaged hydraulic control valve - Repair or replace the valve.
Bucket cylinder is faulty - Repair or replace cylinder.
Hydraulic oil is insufficient - Need to add oil.

Bucket or lift arm runs slowly
Hydraulic pump is faulty - Flow-rate pump and change pump if necessary.
Leaking hydraulic cylinder - Cylinder seals need to be replaced.
Insufficient hydraulic fluid - Add fluid as required.
Faulty or incorrect setting hydraulic control valve - Adjust correctly or repair.
Hydraulic system loosing pressure - Correct setting is required.

Bucket or boom jerks when working
Hydraulic system is leaking air - Bleed hydraulic system.
Plugged hydraulic oil filter - Clean or install new filter.
Contaminated hydraulic fluid - Change hydraulic fluid.
Cylinder rod or tube is scratched - Replace failed component.

Hydraulic pump makes excessive noise
Hydraulic leakage or lack of oil - Refill hydraulic oil or repair leaks in system.
Hydraulic filter is dirty - Service or change hydraulic filter.
Suction line is clogged - Need to clean the suction line.
Air in hydraulic pump - Remove air from hydraulics.
Faulty pump parts - Change or rebuild pump.

Electrical Troubleshooting

Battery is not charging
Wiring connections are corroded or loose - Tighten or clean connections.
Defective electrical terminal connectors - Change terminal connectors.
Battery faulty cell - Install a new battery.
Belt is loose or defective - Adjust belt tension or change the belt.

Starter turning slow
Low battery output voltage - Battery needs to be recharged.
Battery is not holding charge - Battery needs service or replacement.
Disconnected battery cables or bad terminals - Check wire connections and change or service terminals.

Starter motor won't turn
Battery is low or faulty - Charge or replace the battery.
Disconnected or improperly connected wiring harness - Inspect battery wiring harness and connect as required.
Battery capacity is low - Recharge the battery.
Starter motor failure - Starter needs to be changed.

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WHEEL LOADERS SPECIFICATIONS

Wheel Loaders, Skid Steers, and Compact Track Loaders