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Home / Wheel Loaders / Case Wheel Loaders / Case 321E

Case 321E Troubleshooting

The Case 321E wheel loader is powered by 195 cu.in (3.2L) Case 432T/M3 4-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine with a rated power of 77 hp (57 kW) at 2500 rpm. The Case 321E is equipped with a two-range hydrostatic transmission, power steering system, hydraulic dry disc brakes, and 405/70R20 standard tires. The open center hydraulic system has a pump with fluid flow rate of 21.1 gpm (80 lpm). The hydraulic pressure is 3625 psi (250 bar). The wheel loader has a rated operating capacity of 4139 lbs (1877 kg) and tipping load of 8277 lbs (3755 kg). The max lift height is 136.2 inches (3460 mm) to hinge pin, and breakout force is 11240 lbs (5100 kg).

Engine Troubleshooting

Diesel engine hard to start or doesn't start
Air in the fuel pipes - Bleed the fuel pipes.
Dirty fuel filter - Change filter element.
Fuel injection nozzles are damaged - Replace injection nozzles.
Water or dirt in fuel system - Drain, flush, and service the system.
Excessive valve clearance - Adjust valve clearance according to specifications.
Fuel injection pump is damaged - Rebuild or install a new injection pump.

Diesel starts and stops
Air filter is clogged - Replace or clean air filter element.
Dirty fuel filter - Change filter element.
Fuel injection pump is leaking - Repair any leaks.
Defective or clogged fuel injectors - Replace or clean fuel injectors.
Fuel injection pump is defective - Repair or install a new fuel pump.

Engine stalls after running
Engine is cold - Warm up the engine.
Clogged fuel filter - Change filter element.
There is air in the fuel system - Bleed the system.
Clogged injection nozzle - Check injection nozzles and replace if required.
Wrong setting of fuel injection pump timing - Adjust fuel injection pump as required.

Engine stalling at idle
Low idle speed setting is not correct - Correct low idle settings.
Faulty fuel injection pump - Install a new fuel pump or repair.
Fuel injectors are dirty or defective - Replace fuel injectors.
Valve out of adjustment - Adjust valve clearance.

Low engine power
Air filter is dirty - Clean or change.
Faulty or dirty injection nozzles - Test injection nozzles and change if necessary.
Fuel injection pressure is wrong - Correct the pressure settings.
Valve clearance is not correct - Adjust valve clearance.
Low idle speed setting is not correct - Test and adjust.
Restricted fuel hoses or lines - Fuel lines and hoses need to be cleaned.
Cylinder head gasket is worn - Cylinder-head gasket replacement required.
Worn or damaged piston rings - Change piston rings.

Engine overheats
Engine coolant is insufficient - Add coolant and check the components of cooling system.
Insufficient engine oil - Fill the crankcase with engine oil.
Clogged radiator core or damaged radiator cap - Clean radiator or install new cap.
Loose or damaged fan belt - Replace as required.
Diesel engine is overloaded - Reduce load on the engine.

Low oil pressure
Insufficient engine oil - Add oil as required.
Oil filter clogging - Service or change engine oil filter element.
Improper type of engine oil - Drain crankcase and refill with correct oil.
Crankshaft bearing has incorrect oil clearance - Bearing replacement required.
Worn oil pump - Repair or replace.

Engine noise or knocking
Engine oil level low - Need to add engine oil.
Engine not warmed up - Warm up engine as required.
Improper fuel injection timing - Adjust as recommended.
Low idle speed setting is not correct - Need to adjust idle speed.
Dirty or defective injectors - Replace fuel injectors.
Misaligned or defective connecting rod - Connecting rod needs to be replaced or aligned.
Broken or worn pistons - Replace the pistons as required.

Hydrostatic Transmission Troubleshooting

Hydrostatic transmission is excessively noisy
Dirty transmission fluid or insufficient fluid level - Pour fresh fluid or add transmission fluid to proper level.
Speed control pedal linkage is bent or not adjusted - Replace or adjust linkage.
Relief valve is damaged - Change the valve.
Excessive transmission load - Reduce loading.
Transmission components are damaged or worn - Check internal transmission parts for damage or wear and replace if required.

Loss of power
Transmission oil insufficient - Add oil to the transmission housing.
Stuck relief valve - Replace relief valve as required.
Speed control linkage is defective or unadjusted - Adjust or repair linkage.

Hot transmission oil
Lack of transmission fluid - Checking transmission fluid level and add if necessary.
Clogged transmission fluid filter - Service or change transmission fluid filter.
Clogged or damaged cooling components - Inspect all cooling components and service or change if necessary.
Excessive loading - The load should be reduced.

External fluid leaks
Seals or gaskets are worn - Change defective seal or gaskets.
Transmission case internal pressure is too high - Replace worn components.
Clogged transmission fluid return tube - Clean or replace return tube.

Hydraulics Troubleshooting

Hydraulic system is overheated
Hydraulic pressure incorrectly adjusted - Set pressure correctly.
Main relief valve is defective or unadjusted - Adjust or change relief valve.
Contaminated hydraulic fluid - Fill up with fresh hydraulic fluid.
Hydraulic oil level is low - Check oil level and add hydraulic oil as required.
Faulty hydraulic oil pump - Repair or install new hydraulic pump.

Lift arm fails to drop or lift
Lift controls are faulty - Change or repair.
Hydraulic pump is broken - Repair or replace pump if necessary.
Hydraulic control valve malfunction - Replace or repair the valve.
Damaged hydraulic cylinder - Repair or install a new lift cylinder.
Hydraulic fluid level low - Checking hydraulic fluid level and add if necessary.

Bucket can't tilt
Bucket tilt controls malfunction - Inspect and repair if necessary.
Defective hydraulic pump - Repair or install new hydraulic pump.
Defective hydraulic control valve - Change or repair hydraulic valve.
Hydraulic bucket cylinder is broken - Install a new cylinder or repair it.
Hydraulic fluid level low - Checking hydraulic fluid level and add if necessary.

Boom or bucket is moving slowly
Hydraulic pump is faulty - Test pump performance and replace pump if necessary.
Hydraulic cylinder leaking - Correct leakage by changing the seals.
Hydraulic oil level low - Fill the system to proper hydraulic oil level.
Worn or unadjusted hydraulic control valve - Adjust properly or repair.
Low hydraulic pressure - Hydraulic pressure must be set correctly.

Lift arm or bucket jerks when working
Air in hydraulic system - Bleed air from system.
Hydraulic oil filter is clogged - Service or change the hydraulic filter.
Hydraulic fluid contamination - Hydraulic fluid change required.
Cylinder tube or rod is scored - Change worn component.

Hydraulic pump is excessively noisy
Lack of oil or hydraulic leakage - Repair hydraulic leaks or add oil as required.
Hydraulic filter is clogged - Clean or install new filter.
Plugged suction line - Need to service the suction line.
Air in hydraulic pump - Remove air from hydraulics.
Pump components are damaged - Rebuild or install new pump.

Electrical Troubleshooting

Battery is not charging
Corroded or loose cable connections - Service or tighten cable connections.
Battery terminal clamps are defective - Terminal clamps should be changed.
Bad cell in battery - Battery replacement required.
Damaged or loose belt - Adjust belt tension or change the belt.

Starter motor turns slow
Low battery output - Battery needs to be recharged.
Battery does not hold charge - Battery needs to be serviced or replaced.
Bad battery terminals or disconnected wiring - Connect wires properly or change terminals.

Starter will not crank
Battery is discharged or worn - Recharge or replace battery.
Battery wires are disconnected or incorrectly connected - Check wires and connect correctly.
Low battery output - Battery is drained, charge it.
Starter motor is faulty - Starter needs to be changed.

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WHEEL LOADERS SPECIFICATIONS

Wheel Loaders, Skid Steers, and Compact Track Loaders