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Case 321D Troubleshooting
The
Case 321D wheel loader is powered by Perkins 1004-42 4-cylinder diesel engine
with a rated power of 71 hp (52 kW) or Deutz BF4M2011 4-cylinder diesel engine
with a rated power of 75 hp (56 kW). The Case 321D is equipped with a
hydrostatic transmission, power steering, hydraulic wet disc brakes, and
405/70R20 tires. The hydraulic system has a pump with fluid flow rate of 19 gpm
(72 lpm). The hydraulic pressure is 3335 psi (230 bar). The wheel loader has a
rated operating capacity of 3865 lbs (1755 kg) and tipping load of 7730 lbs
(3505 kg). The max lift height is 131.7 inches (3345 mm) to hinge pin, and
breakout force is 15920 lbs (7220 kg).
| Engine Troubleshooting |
Engine starts hard or won't start
Air trapped in fuel system - Bleed air.
Fuel filter element clogging - Change the filter element.
Burnt or clogged injection nozzle - Check and replace nozzles if required.
Water in the fuel system - Change fuel and repair fuel system.
Valve clearance is not correct - Need to adjust valve clearance.
Fuel injection pump is defective - Repair or replace injection pump.
Diesel starts but immediately stops
Clogged air cleaner - Clean or replace element.
Fuel filter plugged - Clean the filter or install new filter element.
Poor fuel injection pump tightness - Look for any leaks of fuel pump, tighten it fast.
Dirty or defective injectors - Clean or replace fuel injectors.
Fuel injection pump is not operating properly - Change pump or rebuild it.
Engine stops unexpectedly during operation
Engine is not fully warmed up - Warm up to required temperature.
Fuel filter element is dirty - Change filter element.
Air in fuel tank - Bleed fuel tank.
Fuel injection nozzles are faulty or clogged - If necessary, replace with a new nozzle.
Timing of fuel injection pump is incorrect - Adjust according to specifications.
Engine stalls when idling
Too low idle RPM - Test and adjust.
Fuel injection pump failure - Rebuild or install a new injection pump.
Fuel injectors are faulty or clogged - Change or clean fuel injectors.
The valve clearance is not adjusted - Adjust to proper valve clearance.
Lack of engine power
Plugged air cleaner - Clean or change.
Damaged or dirty injection nozzles - Install a new kit of correctly balanced nozzles.
Incorrect fuel injection pressure - Check the fuel injection pressure and adjust if necessary.
The valve clearance is incorrect - Adjust valve clearance.
Wrong adjustment of low idle speed - Need to adjust idle speed.
Dirt in the fuel hoses or lines - Service fuel lines and hoses.
Cylinder head gasket is defective - Change cylinder head gasket.
Piston rings are worn or damaged - Piston rings need to be replaced.
Engine overheating
Coolant level is low - Refill to the correct level and inspect system for leaks.
Engine oil level low - Check oil level and add oil as required.
Dirty radiator core or defective radiator cap - Install new cap or clean radiator.
Fan belt is loose or defective - Change the fan belt.
Diesel engine overloaded - Load reducing required.
Oil pressure too low
Oil level is insufficient - Fill crankcase to proper oil level.
Oil filter clogged - Replace or clean engine oil filter element.
Improper type of engine oil - Fill up with the proper oil viscosity.
Incorrect oil clearance in crankshaft bearing - Replace bearings.
Defective oil pump - Repair or replace.
Abnormal engine knocking or noise
Low engine oil level - Add oil to the engine crankcase.
Engine is cold - Normalize the temperature by warming up the engine.
Improper fuel injection timing - Set it up as required.
Low idle speed set incorrectly - Normalize low idle speed.
Dirty or defective injectors - Clean fuel injectors or change it.
Connecting rod is defective or not aligned - Need to change or align the connecting rod.
Scored or worn pistons - Replace the pistons.
| Hydrostatic Transmission Troubleshooting |
HST transmission noise
Insufficient oil level or contaminated oil - Change transmission oil or top up to proper level.
Worn or unadjusted speed control linkage - Change or adjust linkage.
Relief valve malfunction - Replace valve as required.
Transmission is under excessive load - The load should be reduced.
Worn or defective transmission components - Change or repair defective parts.
Low power
Low oil level - Check and refill the transmission oil.
Relief valve failure - Replace the valve.
Bent or unadjusted speed control pedal linkage - Replace or adjust linkage.
Transmission oil overheats
Transmission oil insufficient - Fill the transmission housing to proper oil level.
Dirty transmission fluid filter element - Clean or change transmission fluid filter.
Cooling components are damaged or clogged - Inspect all cooling components and replace or repair if necessary.
Transmission is under excessive load - Load needs to be reduced.
External oil leaks
Damaged seals or gaskets - Install new seal or gaskets.
High internal transmission case pressure - Change defective components.
Clogged transmission fluid return pipe - Clean or change return pipe.
| Hydraulics Troubleshooting |
Hydraulic system overheated
Hydraulic pressure is not adjusted correctly - Adjust it correctly.
Main relief valve is faulty or misadjusted - Adjust or replace the relief valve.
Hydraulic fluid is dirty - Change hydraulic fluid.
Hydraulic fluid level is low - Fill the hydraulic system with oil.
Hydraulic pump is faulty - Install new pump or repair it.
Boom fails to lift or drop
Damaged lift controls - Check and repair as required.
Damaged hydraulic oil pump - Replace or repair pump if necessary.
Damaged hydraulic control valve - Repair or change hydraulic valve.
Hydraulic cylinder malfunction - Replace or repair boom cylinder.
Low hydraulic fluid level - Fill up the hydraulic fluid.
Bucket can't tilt
Defective bucket controls - Repair or change.
Damaged hydraulic oil pump - Replace or repair pump if necessary.
Defective hydraulic control valve - Repair or change the valve.
Bucket cylinder malfunction - Change or repair cylinder.
Hydraulic fluid is insufficient - Fill up the hydraulic fluid.
Bucket or lift arm functions slowly
Hydraulic pump is worn - Test the pump flow rate and change pump if required.
Oil leaks from hydraulic cylinder - Change cylinder piston seals.
Low hydraulic oil level - Check and refill the hydraulic oil.
Hydraulic control valve is faulty or out of adjustment - Repair or set properly.
Hydraulic pressure has dropped - Adjust it correctly.
Lift arm or bucket is working jerkily
Hydraulic system is leaking air - Bleed hydraulic system.
Dirty hydraulic oil filter - Change or clean oil filter.
Hydraulic fluid is dirty - The fluid must be changed.
Cylinder tube or rod scoring - Replace failed component.
Hydraulic pump makes excessive noise
Hydraulic leakage or low oil level - Add hydraulic oil or correct system leaks.
Hydraulic filter clogging - Clean or change the filter.
Suction line clogging - Suction line needs to be cleaned.
Pump sucks air - Bleed air.
Pump components are worn out - Rebuild or replace hydraulic pump.
| Electrical Troubleshooting |
Battery will not charge
Electrical cable connections are loose or corroded - Tighten or service connections.
Defective battery terminal clamps - Replace terminal clamps.
Worn-out battery - Change the battery.
Belt is worn or loose - Install a new belt or adjust belt tension.
Starter motor turns slow
Battery capacity is low - Battery is drained, recharge it.
Battery drains quickly - Service or replace the battery.
Battery cables are disconnected or terminals are faulty - Check wiring connections and replace or clean terminals.
Starter is not cranking
Battery is low or faulty - Charge or change the battery.
Disconnected or incorrectly connected wires - Inspect battery wires and connect correctly.
Battery capacity is low - Battery needs to be recharged.
Faulty starter motor - Starter should be changed.
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| WHEEL LOADERS SPECIFICATIONS |
Bobcat
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