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  Wheel Loaders

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  • Case 221D
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Home / Wheel Loaders / Case Wheel Loaders / Case 221D

Case 221D Troubleshooting

The Case 221D small wheel loader driveline system components: Perkins 704-30 4-cylinder diesel engine with a rated power of 59 hp (44 kW) or Deutz F4M2011 4-cylinder diesel engine with a rated power of 60 hp (45 kW), and 2-range hydrostatic transmission. The open center hydraulic system has a pump with a rated capacity of 17.4 gal/min (66.1 l/min). The Case 221D is equipped with a power steering system, hydraulic wet disc brakes, and 365/80R20 tires. The wheel loader has a maximum lift height of 125.3" (3180 mm) and bucket breakout force of 12180 lbs (5525 kg). The rated operating capacity is 3575 lbs (1620 kg), and tipping load is 7155 lbs (3245 kg).

Engine Troubleshooting

Diesel engine hard to start or doesn't start
Air in the fuel system - Air bleeding.
Dirty fuel filter - Install new filter element.
Burnt or defective injection nozzle - Service or change injection nozzles.
Water in the fuel system - Change fuel and repair fuel system.
Improper valve clearance - Adjust valve clearance.
Fuel injection pump is not working correctly - Replacement or repair required.

Engine starts but stalls immediately
Dirty air cleaner - Clean or change.
Fuel filter element is dirty - Clean or change the filter.
Fuel injection pump has loose connections - Tighten the connections.
Fuel injectors are dirty or defective - Replace fuel injectors.
Damaged fuel injection pump - Replace injection pump or repair it.

Engine shuts off while running
Coolant temperature is low - Warm up the engine.
Fuel filter element is clogged - Clean the filter or install new filter element.
Air in the fuel lines - Bleed the fuel lines.
Defective injection nozzle - Clean or replace injection nozzles.
Fuel injection pump timing is wrong - Adjust the pump as required.

Engine stalls while idling
Incorrect low idle setting - Test and adjust.
Defective fuel injection pump - Repair or install a new fuel pump.
Damaged or clogged injectors - Replace or clean fuel injectors.
Valve clearance is out of adjustment - Adjust valve clearance.

Diesel engine is losing power
Clogged air filter - Clean or change.
Faulty fuel injection nozzles - Service or change injection nozzles.
Fuel injection pressure is incorrect - Test fuel injection pressure and adjust it correctly.
Valve out of adjustment - Check and adjust.
Incorrectly set low idle speed - Normalize low idle speed.
Restricted fuel hoses or lines - Fuel hoses and lines must be clean.
Damaged cylinder-head gasket - Gasket should be replaced.
Piston rings are worn or damaged - Replace the piston rings as required.

Engine overheated
Not enough coolant - The cooling system needs to be refilled and checked for faults.
Engine oil insufficient - Need to add engine oil.
Dirty radiator fins or faulty radiator cap - Change cap or clean radiator.
Fan belt is worn or faulty - If necessary, replace the belt.
Engine overloaded - Reduce load on the engine.

Oil pressure is low
Engine oil level low - Check and refill the oil.
Dirty oil filter - Clean or replace engine oil filter element.
Oil grade or viscosity is wrong - Fill up with the correct oil viscosity.
Crankshaft bearing oil clearance is incorrect - Bearings need to be reinstalled.
Oil pump is damaged - Install a new pump.

Engine noise or knocking
Insufficient engine oil - Check oil level and add oil as required.
Engine is not preheated - Warm up the engine.
Timing of fuel injection pump is incorrect - Set the fuel pump timing correctly.
Low idle speed set incorrectly - Correct low idle adjustment.
Fuel injectors are faulty or clogged - Test and replace fuel injectors if necessary.
Misaligned or faulty connecting rod - Need to align or replace the connecting rod.
Worn or scored pistons - Pistons replacement required.

Hydrostatic Transmission Troubleshooting

HST transmission is making noise
Transmission oil is contaminated or oil level is insufficient - Fill to required level or change the transmission oil.
Worn or out of adjustment speed control linkage - Adjust or change linkage.
Relief valve is stuck - Replace relief valve as required.
Transmission overload - Load needs to be reduced.
Transmission components are damaged or worn - Change or repair defective parts.

Low power
Insufficient transmission oil - Need to add transmission oil.
Stuck relief valve - Install a new relief valve.
Defective or not adjusted speed control pedal linkage - Repair or adjust linkage.

Transmission fluid overheating
Low oil level - Check and refill the transmission oil.
Dirty transmission fluid filter element - Service or replace the transmission fluid filter.
Cooling components are defective or plugged - Inspect all cooling components and replace or clean if necessary.
Transmission overload - Reduce transmission load.

Transmission oil leaking
Seals or gaskets are broken - Replace worn seal or gaskets.
Internal transmission housing pressure is too high - Change defective components.
Clogged oil return pipe - Clean or change return pipe.

Hydraulics Troubleshooting

Hydraulic system overheats
Incorrect hydraulic pressure setting - Adjust pressure correctly.
Main relief valve is damaged or adjusted improperly - Set up or change the relief valve.
Dirty hydraulic fluid - Hydraulic fluid change required.
Lack of hydraulic fluid - Add fluid to the hydraulic system.
Hydraulic pump is worn - Repair or install new hydraulic pump.

Lift arm cannot be raised or lowered
Lift controls malfunction - Change or repair.
Damaged hydraulic oil pump - Repair or install new hydraulic pump.
Hydraulic control valve is defective - Install a new valve or repair it.
Hydraulic cylinder failure - Change or repair lift cylinder.
Insufficient hydraulic fluid - Add fluid as required.

Bucket is not working
Bucket tilt controls are defective - Check and repair as required.
Damaged hydraulic oil pump - Repair or replace pump if necessary.
Faulty hydraulic control valve - Repair or replace hydraulic valve.
Faulty hydraulic bucket cylinder - Replace or repair cylinder.
Hydraulic oil is insufficient - Fill the system to proper hydraulic oil level.

Boom or bucket runs slowly
Worn hydraulic oil pump - Flow-rate hydraulic pump and replace pump if necessary.
Oil leaks from hydraulic cylinder - Cylinder seals need to be replaced.
Insufficient hydraulic oil - Need to add oil.
Defective or not adjusted hydraulic control valve - Repair or adjust correctly.
Hydraulic system loosing pressure - Adjust pressure as required.

Lift arm or bucket movements are jerky
Air in the hydraulic system - Need to bleed air.
Dirty hydraulic oil filter element - Service or change the hydraulic filter.
Contaminated hydraulic oil - Change hydraulic oil.
Scored cylinder tube or rod - Replace defective component.

Hydraulic pump makes excessive noise
Not enough oil or hydraulic system leaking - Add hydraulic oil or correct system leaks.
Hydraulic filter is clogged - Replace or clean the filter.
Plugged suction line - Need to clean the suction line.
Pump is sucking air - Bleed air from hydraulics.
Damaged pump parts - Change or rebuild pump.

Electrical Troubleshooting

Battery won’t charge
Electrical wire connections are loose or corroded - Clean or tighten wiring connections.
Battery terminal connectors are faulty - Replace terminal connectors.
Faulty cell in battery - Replace the battery.
Belt is damaged or loose - Belt needs to be adjusted or changed.

Starter turns slow
Low battery capacity - Low battery charging, charge as required.
Battery is not holding charge - Service battery or replace it.
Bad terminals or disconnected battery cables - Check cable connections and change or clean terminals.

Starter doesn't crank
Battery is discharged or defective - Need to charge or replace the battery.
Battery wiring is disconnected or improperly connected - Inspect wiring and connect as required.
Low battery voltage - Low battery charging, charge as required.
Damaged starter motor - Repair or change starter.

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WHEEL LOADERS SPECIFICATIONS

Wheel Loaders, Skid Steers, and Compact Track Loaders