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Home / Wheel Loaders / Case Wheel Loaders / Case 21F

Case 21F Troubleshooting

The Case 21F compact wheel loader driveline system components: 207 cu.in (3.4L) FPT F5H FL463 4-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine with a rated power of 55 hp (41 kW), and hydrostatic transmission. The hydraulic system has a pump with a rated capacity of 17.7 gal/min (67 l/min). The system relief pressure is 3335 psi (230 bar). The Case 21F is equipped with a power steering system, hydraulic caliper brakes, and 12.5x18 tires. The wheel loader has a maximum lift height to hinge pin of 123.5" (3135 mm) and boom breakout force of 9200 lbs (4170 kg). The rated operating capacity is 3500 lbs (1587 kg), and tipping load is 7000 lbs (3174 kg).

Engine Troubleshooting

Engine hard to start or won't start
Air trapped in fuel system - Bleed air.
Fuel filter element is clogged - Replace filter element.
Faulty or dirty injection nozzles - Service or change injection nozzles.
Dirt or water in fuel system - Drain water or flush dirt from the system.
Valve clearance is wrong - Adjust valve clearance.
Fuel injection pump malfunction - Change pump or rebuild it.

Engine starts and then shuts off
Plugged air filter - Install new air filter element.
Fuel filter element clogging - Replace filter element.
Fuel injection pump leakage - Check the fuel injection pump for leaks and fix it.
Fuel injectors are faulty or clogged - Change or clean fuel injectors.
Defective fuel injection pump - Replace or repair injection pump.

Engine stalls while running
Engine is not warmed up to required temperature - Warm up the engine.
Dirty fuel filter - Replace filter element.
Air in the fuel lines - Bleed the fuel lines.
Clogged or defective injection nozzles - Replace injection nozzles.
Fuel injection pump timing is wrong - Adjust as recommended.

Engine stalls while idle
Incorrectly set low idle speed - Normalize low idle speed.
Fuel injection pump is not working correctly - Install a new fuel pump or repair.
Defective fuel injectors - Inspect fuel injectors and change as required.
Excessive valve clearance - Adjustment procedure required.

Engine lacks power
Clogged air filter - Clean or replace element.
Fuel injection nozzles are clogged or faulty - Check and replace nozzles if required.
Incorrect fuel injection pressure - Adjust to proper pressure.
Incorrect valve clearance - Correct valve clearance needs to be set.
Too low idle RPM - Normalize low idle speed.
Fuel lines or hoses clogging - Fuel lines and hoses need to be cleaned.
Damaged cylinder-head gasket - Replace the gasket as required.
Leaking or damaged piston rings - Install new piston rings.

Engine overheated
Lack of engine coolant - Add coolant and check the components of cooling system.
Not enough engine oil - Add oil to the engine crankcase.
Clogged radiator core or leaking radiator cap - Clean radiator or replace cap.
Excessive wear of the fan belt - Fan belt must be replaced.
Engine overloaded - Reduce load on the engine.

Oil pressure too low
Engine oil insufficient - Fill the crankcase with oil.
Oil filter is dirty - Change or clean engine oil filter element.
Oil grade or viscosity is incorrect - Use the specified type of engine oil.
Crankshaft bearing oil clearance is excessive - Change bearings.
Defective oil pump - Check and replace if necessary.

Engine noises or knocks
Not enough engine oil - Checking oil level and add if necessary.
Engine is not fully warmed up - Warm up the engine.
Fuel injection pump timing is wrong - Check the fuel injection pump timing adjustment.
Too low idle RPM - Adjust as required.
Fuel injector fault - Clean or replace fuel injectors.
Connecting rod is misaligned or defective - Connecting rod must be aligned or replaced.
Pistons are broken or worn - Install new pistons.

Hydrostatic Transmission Troubleshooting

HST transmission noises
Contaminated transmission fluid or low fluid level - Top up to proper level or change transmission fluid.
Worn or out of adjustment speed control linkage - Adjust or install new linkage.
Relief valve failure - Replace the valve.
Transmission is under excessive load - Reduce transmission load.
Worn or defective parts of the hydrostatic transmission - After disassembly and inspection, replace defective components.

Loss of power
Transmission fluid insufficient - Add fluid to the transmission housing.
Defective relief valve - Install a new valve.
Defective or not adjusted speed control pedal linkage - Replace or adjust linkage.

Transmission overheats
Lack of transmission oil supply - Need to add transmission oil.
Dirty transmission fluid filter - Clean or change transmission fluid filter.
Defective or plugged cooling components - Check all cooling components and change or clean if required.
Excessive transmission load - Load needs to be reduced.

External oil leaks
Broken seals or gaskets - Install new components.
High internal transmission case pressure - Repair or replace damaged components.
Clogged oil drain line - Clean or replace drain line.

Hydraulics Troubleshooting

Hydraulic system is overheated
Hydraulic pressure is not adjusted correctly - Adjust it correctly.
Defective or misadjusted main relief valve - Adjust relief valve or change if required.
Hydraulic fluid contamination - Fill up with fresh hydraulic fluid.
Lack of hydraulic oil - Check oil level and add hydraulic oil as required.
Hydraulic pump is worn - Change or repair hydraulic pump if required.

Boom does not raise or lower
Damaged lift controls - Replace or repair.
Defective hydraulic pump - Change or repair hydraulic pump if required.
Hydraulic control valve is faulty - Repair or change hydraulic valve.
Defective hydraulic cylinder - Repair or replace hydraulic cylinder.
Insufficient hydraulic fluid - Fill up the hydraulic fluid.

Bucket won't move
Bucket controls are faulty - Check and repair as required.
Hydraulic pump is broken - Change or repair hydraulic pump if required.
Hydraulic control valve is defective - Install a new valve or repair it.
Hydraulic bucket cylinder is defective - Repair or change cylinder.
Low hydraulic oil level - Checking hydraulic oil level and add if necessary.

Boom or bucket is working slowly
Defective hydraulic pump - Flow-rate hydraulic pump and replace pump if necessary.
Hydraulic cylinder oil leakage - Install new cylinder seals.
Hydraulic oil level low - Need to add oil.
Hydraulic control valve is not set properly or defective - Repair or adjust correctly.
Low hydraulic pressure - Set pressure correctly.

Bucket or boom movements are jerky
There is air in the hydraulic system - Air bleeding is required.
Hydraulic oil filter element is dirty - Service or replace the hydraulic filter.
Hydraulic oil contamination - Change hydraulic oil.
Cylinder rod or tube is scratched - Change worn component.

Hydraulic pump is excessively noisy
Hydraulic leaks or low oil level - Remedy hydraulic leakage or refill oil as necessary.
Dirty hydraulic filter - Service or replace hydraulic filter.
Suction line is dirty - Service the suction line.
Air trapped in hydraulic pump - Air bleeding is required.
Pump components are faulty - Rebuild or change hydraulic pump.

Electrical Troubleshooting

Battery won’t charge
Wiring connections are loose or corroded - Service or tighten connections.
Battery terminal clamps are defective - Install new terminal clamps.
Battery failing - Battery change required.
Loose or defective belt - Change belt or adjust belt tension.

Starter cranks slow
Low battery output - Battery is drained, charge it.
Battery won’t hold charge - Battery needs service or replacement.
Battery terminals are corroded or wires are disconnected - Connect wiring properly or install new terminals.

Starter motor is not working
Battery is low or faulty - Recharge or replace battery.
Wiring is improperly connected or disconnected - Check wiring and connect properly.
Low battery voltage - Recharge the battery.
Defective starter motor - Starter needs to be replaced.

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WHEEL LOADERS SPECIFICATIONS

Wheel Loaders, Skid Steers, and Compact Track Loaders