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Home / Wheel Loaders / Case Wheel Loaders / Case 21D

Case 21D Troubleshooting

The Case 21D small wheel loader is powered by 183 cu.in (3L) Perkins 704-30 4-cylinder diesel engine with a rated power of 53 hp (39 kW) or 190 cu.in (3.1L) Deutz F4M2011 4-cylinder diesel engine with a rated power of 54 hp (40 kW). The Case 21D is equipped with a hydrostatic transmission, power steering system, hydraulic wet disc brakes, and 335/80R18 tires. The hydraulic system has a pump with fluid flow rate of 13.5 gpm (52 lpm). The wheel loader has a rated operating capacity of 2840 lbs (1290 kg) and tipping load of 5680 lbs (2580 kg). The maximum lift height is 120.7" (3065 mm) to hinge pin, and bucket breakout force is 9870 lbs (4070 kg).

Engine Troubleshooting

Engine difficult to start or doesn't start
Air in fuel system - Bleed fuel system.
Fuel filter plugging - Change filter element.
Fuel injection nozzles are faulty or clogged - If necessary, replace with a new nozzle.
Water or dirt in fuel system - Drain, flush, and service the system.
Valve clearance is out of adjustment - Have it adjusted.
Fuel injection pump malfunctioning - Repair or install a new fuel pump.

Diesel starts but then stops
Clogged air filter - Clean or change filter.
Dirty fuel filter - Change or clean the filter element.
Fuel injection pump leakage - Check the fuel injection pump for leaks and fix it.
Fuel injectors are faulty or clogged - Clean fuel injectors or change it.
Fuel injection pump failure - Rebuild or replace pump.

Engine stops unexpectedly during operation
Engine is not preheated - Normalize the temperature by warming up the engine.
Fuel filter plugging - Replace filter element.
Air in the fuel system - Air bleeding.
Fuel injection nozzles fault - If necessary, replace with a new nozzle.
Fuel injection pump timing is not adjusted - Set up as recommended.

Engine stops when idle
Low idle speed adjustment is incorrect - Correct low idle adjustment.
Fuel injection pump is faulty - Rebuild or change fuel pump.
Defective fuel injectors - Replace fuel injectors.
Incorrect valve clearance - Adjust valve clearance according to specifications.

Low engine power
Air cleaner is clogged - Clean or change cleaner.
Fuel injection nozzles are faulty or clogged - Check and replace nozzles if required.
Incorrect fuel injection pressure - Adjust to proper pressure.
The valve clearance is not adjusted - Adjust to proper valve clearance.
Incorrect low idle setting - Correct the settings.
Dirt in the fuel lines or hoses - Clean fuel lines and hoses.
Cylinder-head gasket is leaking - Cylinder-head gasket replacement required.
Piston rings are damaged or leaking - Replace piston rings.

Engine overheating
Coolant level is low - Add coolant fluid and inspect the cooling system for leaks.
Not enough engine oil - Check and refill engine oil.
Damaged radiator cap or dirty radiator core - Replace cap or clean radiator.
Damaged or worn fan belt - Belt replacement is recommended.
Engine is under excessive load - Load reducing is recommended.

Low oil pressure
Low oil level - Fill up the engine oil.
Clogged oil filter - Service or replace engine oil filter.
Incorrect oil viscosity - Use proper viscosity oil.
Crankshaft bearing has incorrect oil clearance - Bearing needs to be changed.
Oil pump failure - Check and replace if necessary.

Engine knocks or noises
Lack of engine oil - Fill up the oil to required level.
Engine is not warmed up to required temperature - Warm up to required temperature.
Wrong setting of fuel injection pump timing - Adjust according to specifications.
Low idle speed setting is incorrect - Need to adjust idle speed.
Fuel injectors are dirty or defective - Clean or replace fuel injectors.
Connecting rod is misaligned or defective - Connecting rod needs to be replaced or aligned.
Pistons are worn or scored - Install new pistons.

Hydrostatic Transmission Troubleshooting

Hydrostatic transmission is making noise
Contaminated transmission fluid or low fluid level - Fill to required level or change the fluid.
Speed control pedal linkage is damaged or out of adjustment - Adjust or install new linkage.
Stuck relief valve - Install a new valve.
Excessive loading - Reduce loading.
Worn or defective transmission components - After disassembling and inspection, change defective components.

Loss of power
Transmission fluid insufficient - Fill the transmission housing to proper fluid level.
Relief valve is stuck - Install a new valve.
Speed control pedal linkage is damaged or out of adjustment - Change or adjust linkage.

Transmission fluid is too hot
Insufficient transmission fluid - Check and refill the transmission fluid.
Plugged transmission oil filter - Clean or change transmission oil filter.
Cooling components are plugged or defective - Inspect all cooling components and service or replace if necessary.
Transmission overloaded - Load needs to be reduced.

Transmission fluid leakage
Worn seals or gaskets - Change defective seal or gaskets.
Transmission case internal pressure is too high - Check hydrostatic transmission components for defect or damage and change if necessary.
Plugged oil return tube - Clean or replace return tube.

Hydraulics Troubleshooting

Hydraulic system overheats
Hydraulic pressure is not adjusted correctly - Correct adjustment is required.
Unadjusted or defective main relief valve - Adjust or change relief valve.
Contaminated hydraulic oil - Change hydraulic oil.
Not enough hydraulic fluid in the system - Need to add fluid.
Hydraulic pump is defective - Install new pump or repair it.

Boom cannot be lowered or raised
Lift controls are defective - Check and repair as required.
Defective hydraulic pump - Install new pump or repair it.
Hydraulic control valve malfunction - Repair or replace the valve.
Defective hydraulic cylinder - Repair or change hydraulic cylinder.
Hydraulic oil level low - Fill the system to proper hydraulic oil level.

Bucket won't move
Faulty bucket tilt controls - Change or repair.
Hydraulic pump failure - Change or repair hydraulic pump if required.
Hydraulic control valve is faulty - Install a new hydraulic valve or repair it.
Bucket cylinder is faulty - Install a new cylinder or repair it.
Low hydraulic fluid level - Add fluid as required.

Slow bucket or lift arm action
Defective hydraulic pump - Test pump flow rate and replace pump if required.
Hydraulic cylinder leaking - Change cylinder piston seals.
Hydraulic oil is insufficient - Checking hydraulic oil level and add if necessary.
Faulty or incorrect setting hydraulic control valve - Adjust correctly or repair.
Hydraulic pressure is low - Correct adjustment is required.

Bucket or boom jerks when working
Hydraulic system is leaking air - Bleed air from hydraulic system.
Hydraulic oil filter is clogged - Clean or change the filter.
Hydraulic fluid is dirty - Change hydraulic fluid.
Scratched cylinder rod or tube - Change failed component.

Hydraulic pump is excessively noisy
Hydraulic leakage or lack of oil - Top up hydraulic oil or remedy leakage in system.
Hydraulic filter clogging - Clean or replace the filter.
Dirty suction line - Suction line must be serviced.
Pump is sucking air - Remove air from hydraulics.
Damaged pump components - Rebuild or replace hydraulic pump.

Electrical Troubleshooting

Battery will not charge
Electrical cable connections are loose or corroded - Tighten or clean electrical wiring connections.
Faulty battery terminal clamps - Terminal clamps need to be replaced.
Battery dead cell - Battery replacement required.
Belt is loose or defective - Adjust belt tension or replace belt.

Starter turning slow
Low battery power - Charge the battery.
Battery is draining quickly - Service charging system or replace battery.
Wires are disconnected or battery terminals are corroded - Check wire connections and change or service terminals.

Starter does not work
Battery is drained or worn - Replace or charge as required.
Wire harness is disconnected or incorrectly connected - Check wire harness and connect as required.
Battery voltage is low - Charge the battery.
Starter motor failure - Repair or replace starter.

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WHEEL LOADERS SPECIFICATIONS

Wheel Loaders, Skid Steers, and Compact Track Loaders